Tomato is a selfpollinated crop, the unusual high heterosis observed in it has been attributed to the fact that originally tomato was a. Pdf estimation of heterosis for earliness, yield and. Known by man since antiquity, the use of heterosis in the breeding of cultivated plants started only in the first 30. Author summary for over a century, it has been known that inbreeding harms plant and animal fitness, whereas interbreeding between genetically distinct individuals can lead to more robust offspring in a phenomenon known as hybrid vigor, or heterosis. Heterosis has been known since the art of hybridization came into. Heterosis, tripple lattice design, genotypes, traits, tomato. Birchler,a,1 hong yao,a sivanandan chudalayandi,a daniel vaiman,b and reiner a. Heterosis manifestation in tomato is in the form of the greater vigour. Estimation of heterosis for earliness, yield and yield contributing traits in tomato table 2. Classical tomato heterosis is driven predominantly by qtl that control reproductive traits that integrate multiplicatively16,22. Recently, a single gene in tomato has been demonstrated to produce an effect that exhibits heterosis for yield in tomato krieger et al. Heterosis for yield and other component characters of 45 f 1 hybrids of tomato derived from the crosses between 15 lines and 3 testers through line x tester technique was studied. Aug 29, 2006 the study of hybrid vigor and inbreeding depression traces back to charles darwin, who was the first scientist to examine the phenomenon in a systematic manner 1.
Supplementary information the flowering gene single flower. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in tomato. Since then, heterosis for yield, its components and quality traits were extensively studied by mondal et al. A study was conducted to estimate heterosis of 21 tomato cross combinations involving seven parents at the experimental field of olericulture division of hrc, bari during the winter season of 20052006. Especially controversial is a model called overdominance, which states in its simplest form that a single gene can drive heterosis, although multiple overdominant genes can also contribute. Better parent heterosis was first reported for plant height and number of primary branches plant1 by amin et al. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. May 16, 2020 jurnal heterosis pdf posted on may 16, 2020 by admin heterosis breeding is used to improve yield quantity and quality of tomato solanum exploitation of hybrid vigor in tomato solanum lycopersicum l. A study on heterosis in tomato international journal of current.
The isolation of pure lines from f1 hybrids of tomato and the problem of heterosis in inbreeding crop. Studies on heterobeltiosis, combining ability and gene. Best three crosses, range, number of significant crosses and mean performance with respect to heterobeltiosis for diff erent traits. Jan 11, 2018 the highest significant heterosis over better and standard parent was recorded for average fruit weight 74.
It is well known that the use of heterosis effect in f1after crossing different species, cultivars or inbred lines, has opened wide new vistas for the breeding of. Mar 28, 2010 zachary lippman, dani zamir and colleagues report that the flowering gene, single flower truss, displays heterosis for fruit yield in tomato. Tomato, fruit shelflife, combining ability, heterosis, f 1 hybrids. Significant differences among genotypes were obtained for all three traits.
Pdf estimate of heterosis in tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Heterosis definition types of heterosis heterosis in. Heterotic genes responsible for elevating crop yields are now being sought using genomics, particularly. Also, it is an important tool that can facilitate yield enhancement from 30% to 400% and help enrich many. Heterosis studies for yield and its components in tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Afterwards a numerous studies have been done in relation to heterosis for yield, its components and quality traits. Zachary lippman, dani zamir and colleagues report that the flowering gene, single flower truss, displays heterosis for fruit yield in tomato. Pdf a study was conducted to estimate heterosis of 21 tomato cross combinations involving seven parents at the experimental field of.
Heterosis and correlation of yield and yield components in tomato lycopersicon esulentum mill. Naomi miyaji, ryo fujimoto, in advances in botanical research, 2018. Heterosis, inbreeding depression, f1 hybrids, f2 population, tomato, nutritional quality. Investigations in the field of genetics, physiology, biochemistry and cytology concerned with discovering the nature and manifestations of this biological phenomenon are of considerable volume and number. We also thank yuval eshed for comments on the manuscript, and tim mulligan and paul hanlon for plant care.
Data on fruit quality characters were recorded and per cent midparent heterosis and betterparent heterosis were determined. Heterosis in tomato was first observed for higher yield and more number of fruits. Heterosis is a multigenic complex trait and can be extrapolated as the sum total of many physiological and phenotypic traits. Heterosis in plant is a well known phenomenon manifesting itself in hybrids that are more vital, adaptive than their parents, and its occurrence in tomato has been reported by many investigators bhatt et al. Pdf heterosis in tomato for growth and yield traits researchgate. Studies on heterosis and inbreeding depression for quality. Heterosis manifestation in tomato is in the form of the greater vigour, faster growth and development, earliness in maturity, increased productivity, better quality attributes. This hybrid vigor is determined by nonmutually exclusive mechanisms, including dominance complementation, overdominance and epistasis. Heterosis, combining ability and genetics for vitamin c.
The flowering gene single flower truss drives heterosis for. Degree and direction of heterosis is important for commercially exploitation of tomato. As many as 19 hybrids over rupali sci and 10 over naveen sc2 displayed significant negative heterosis. Heterosis, combining ability and gene action for yield and. Asima amin, kouser parveen wani, za dar, nayeema jabeen and. Lippman1 1watson school of biological sciences, cold spring harbor laboratory, cold spring harbor, new york, united states of america, 2monash university, school of biological. Heterosis breeding provides an efficient means to break the yield barrier in most of crops including tomato. The botanical name of tomato is lycopersicon esculentum mill and is a diploid plant with 2n2x24 chromosomes. Estimation of hybrid vigor for yield and yield related. Estimation of hybrid vigor for yield and yield related traits. Heterosis, earliness, early blight, resistance, tomato abstract. Tomato is one of the most important commercial vegetable crops grown extensively in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world rao et al. Great advances in tomato genetics have been achievable because of the understanding of mating systems and the possibility of controlled hybridization within and among species, the naturally occurring variability in. Heterosis is an important genetic phenomenon synonymous with hybrid vigour.
Jul 09, 2010 analyses of introgression lines of portions of the genome of a wild tomato species into domesticated tomato are most readily interpreted as due to the action of single genes semel et al. Heterosis for flower and fruit traits in tomato african journals online. Williams w, gilbert n 1960 heterosis and inheritance of yield in the tomato. Heterosis studies in tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Heterosis in tomato was first observed by hedrick and booth 1907 for higher yield and more number of fruits. The flowering gene single flower truss drives heterosis. Heterosis and the inheritance of yield in the tomato heredity. Pdf heterosis studies for yield and yield attributing. Hybrid showed highly significant heterosis for most of the character.
In the present study, a total of 43 entries consisting of diversified genotypes of tomato along with their 30 f1 hybrids were evaluated during spring summer season. The obtained results reflected a range of significant variability for most of the traits studied. A study on heterosis in tomato solanum lycopersicum for. Two f2 families segregating for the sft4537 allele were combined and used to assay the mendelian segregation of heterosis. Traits three superior crosses based on range of heterosis over bp number of mean heterobeltiosis % significa. In this perspective, we consider that it might be useful to the field to abandon these. Tomato yield heterosis is triggered by a dosage sensitivity. Pdf heterosis in tomato for growth and yield traits. We thank oron gar for comments on text related to tomato agronomic practices. Heterosis was first observed by hedrick and booth 4 in tomato for higher yield. Heterosis and inbreeding depression studies for yield and. The genetical interpretation of statistics of the third degree in the study of quantitative inheritance. Review on genetics and breeding of tomato lycopersicon.
Thus, the studies of gene expression to date on the whole are ambiguous as to whether any observed changes are correlative, causative, or predictive of heterosis. Since then, heterosis for yield, its components and quality traits were extensively studied. Jun, 2019 heterosis brinjal pdf nagai and kida were the first to observe hybrid vigor in eggplant. Estimate of heterosis in tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Analyses of introgression lines of portions of the genome of a wild tomato species into domesticated tomato are most readily interpreted as due to the action of single genes semel et al. The commercial exploitation of heterosis in eggplant is possible due to. It is generally agreed that hybrid vigour describes only superiority of the hybrid over the parents while heterosis describes the other situation as well i. Dec 26, 20 we thank dani zamir, eliezer lifschitz, and yuval eshed for discussions spanning yield, heterosis, florigen, and plant development.
Tomato is a selfpollinated crop, the unusual high heterosis observed in it has been attributed to the fact that originally tomato was a highly cross. Estimation of heterosis for earliness, yield and yield. The improvement in different quantitative and qualitative traits in tomato through heterosis breeding was observed by tiwari and lal, 2004, and reported significant heterosis ranging from 23. Ashby 1 and luckwill 2 have shown that in the tomato heterosis is manifested at an early stage in the lifehistory, between fertilization and seed ripening, so that the ripe hybrid seed, resulting. The productivity level of the state is improvement in the genetic architecture, heterosis breeding is most popular and successful approach in tomato. According to ahmed and mustafa, 2000 heterosis observed for most of the characters, plant height, number of branches plant1, single fruit. The heterosis is a phenomenon in which an f 1 hybrid of two genetically dissimilar parents shows superiority over the mid parent value in measurable characters shull, 1908.
Heterosis in tomato was first observed by hedrick and booth 1907 for higher yield and more number of fruits per plant. This concept does not on the surface account for why hybrids typically show positive heterosis rather than random positive or negative effects. The genetic system of tomato offers several advantages for exploiting heterosis in tomato. Hybrid vigor, or heterosis, is the increase in stature, biomass, and fertility that characterizes the progeny of crosses between diverse parents such that the f1 is superior to the better of the two parents. Dominance of linked factors as a means of accounting for heterosis. Heterosis in tomato for growth and yield traits article pdf available in international journal of vegetable science 242 november 2017 with 546 reads how we measure reads. Pdf heterosis studies for yield and its components in. This increased productivity or superiority over the parents is known as heterosis or hybrid vigor or. Islam abstract a study was conducted to estimate heterosis of 21 tomato cross combinations. With an objective to estimate the heterosis for earliness, yield and yield contributing traits in tomato, 20 hybrids were produced from ten lines and two testers and were evaluated. Tester design was used to evaluate standard heterosis to increase growth, yield, and quality by identification of unique crosscombinations with desirable heterosis. Knowledge of the extent of heterosis for yield and its various component characters is.
All these crosses showed marked variations for yield and yield related traits in the expression of standard heterosis. While heterosis has been harnessed to boost agricultural productivity, its causes are not understood. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents. Heterosis is a biological phenomenon widely spread in the eukariotic organisms. Supplementary information the flowering gene single. Heterosis can be defend as the superiority of f hybrid over both the parents in terms of yield and some other character or. Heterosis manifestation in tomato is in the form of the greater vigour, faster growth and development, earliness in maturity, increased productivity. Pdf heterosis breeding is used to improve yield quantity and quality of tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Heterosis in tomato was first worked out by two known scientists named hedrick and booth, 1968. It has been over 100 years since the discovery of the. The isolation of pure lines from f1 hybrids of tomato and the problem of heterosis in inbreeding crop species. The range of heterosis for fruit yield over better parent was 6. Pdf heterosis breeding for quality improvement in tomato.
Earliness, heterosis, standard heterosis, tomato, yield. Tomato is considered as a member of the family solanaceae. Heterosis and the inheritance of yield in the tomato. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in tomato for. Heterosis results in the phenotypic superiority of a hybrid over its parents with respect to traits such as growth rate, reproductive success and yield.
Heterosis or hybrid vigor is a phenomenon in which a hybrid progeny exhibits superior performance compared to their parental inbred lines. World crop area of tomato has increased by 164% in the last 40 years with a rise in per capita consumption from 14 kgyear during 1985 to 19 kgyear during 2005 fao 2008. The defining feature of sympodial plants is the shoot apical. Hence, there is great significance in the improvement of methods for heterosis breeding and hybrid seed production. Pdf heterosis study in tomato lycopersicon esculentum. The hebrew university of jerusalem, faculty of agriculture, p. Abstract studies on tomato postharvest losses are the main concern for its production, hence a study was conducted to evaluate 10 hybrids along with two checks for fruit shelf life and yield components. Heterosis breeding is reliable and quick approach to gain maximum crop. Mv bharathkumar 1, at sadashiva, th singh and mk shivaprasad1 indian institute of horticultural research, bengaluru560 089, india key words. Tomato yield heterosis is triggered by a dosage sensitivity of the florigen pathway that finetunes shoot architecture ke jiang1, katie l.
Heterosis, potence ratio and correlation of some important. Jul 30, 2017 heterosis can be defend as the superiority of f hybrid over both the parents in terms of yield and some other character. Heterosis manifestation in tomato is in the form of the greater vigour, faster growth and development, earliness in maturity, increased productivity yordanov, 1983. Heterosis is observed in almost every crop species studied, the application of this phenomenon for its commercial exploitation depends on the expression of the degree of heterosis.
So, by exploiting the heterosis for various yield contributing traits and earliness a speedy improvement in tomato can be done. Study of heterosis in heat tolerant tomato solanum. It is well known that the use of heterosis effect in f 1 after crossing different species, cultivars or inbred lines, has opened wide new vistas for the breeding of cultivated crops. Pdf estimation of heterosis for earliness, yield and yield. Pdf on sep 1, 2018, b mali and others published heterosis study in tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill. Tester analysis of heterosis and combining ability in. Tomato yield, on both a per plant basis and in the context of tons per acre, depends partly on fruit size, but is mainly driven by the production of dozens of multiflowered inflorescences and resulting fruit clusters that develop according to the sympodial growth habit.
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